Hyperpyrus of Emperor Alexios I Komnenos (1081-1118), where the obverse is occupied by the representation of the enthroned Christ while the reverse depicts the emperor being blessed by the hand of God. Alexios I was unable to stop the decline of the gold coin during the first decades of his reign, due to the particularly turbulent political situation that prevailed in the empire.
2000 A milestone in medieval European coinage is the gold coin issued by Frederick II of Staufen, ruler of the Holy Roman Empire. The augustalis (or augustale) came to revive the limited tradition of gold coinage in Western Europe and to be the precursor to the powerful gold coins of the Italian cities that appeared a little later, after the mid-13th century.
For a brief transitional period, from approximately 635/650 to 695/700 AD, the Islamic world issued the so-called "Arabo-Byzantine" - imitations of gold and copper Byzantine coins - and "Arabo-Sassanian" coins, i.e. imitations of silver Persian coins.
Bronze coin of Najm al-Din Alpi (1152-1176 AD), Artuqid ruler of Mardin, in present-day NA Turkey. A typical example of the rare cases in Muslim coinage where figurative themes were used in contrast to the usual non-pictorial practice of Islam.
The white or, according to the accurate Turkish translation, the aktses, from the adjective ak, white, due to the whiteness of its metal, is the longest-lived Ottoman silver coin and the almost exclusive means of exchange in the Ottoman-controlled part of the Balkans and Asia Minor from the mid-14th to the late 17th century.
The hoard was found in 1954 in the Hippodrome area of Thessaloniki. It consists of 13 silver European coins of the 16th and early 17th centuries: 1/16 scudo Nicolo da Ponte of Venice (1578-1585), 1 thaler Matthias II (1612-1619), 5 thalers Archduke Ferdinandus (1564-1595), 1 8reales and 1 2reales Philippus III (1598-1621), 1/2 franc Henri IV (1589-1610), 2 3gros. Sigismundus III (1587-1632), 1 tallero Ferdinandus Medici (1587-1609), and must have been hidden around 1615.
The first European "thaler" silver coins, about 40 mm in diameter, weighing about 29 g and having a purity of about 900 degrees of silver, were minted in the Austrian Tyrol during the penultimate decade of the 15th century.
By decree of the authorities in 1833, the Kapodistrian phoenix was abolished and the drachma was adopted as the new national currency. The coins issued during Otto's reign included gold denominations of 40 and 20 drachmas, silver denominations of 5, 1, 1/2 and 1/4 drachmas, and bronze denominations of 10, 5, 2 and 1 cent, from three different mints.
Bronze medal struck in Rome in honor of John of Austria (Don Juan de Austria) for his victory as leader of the Christian fleet in the Battle of Nafpaktos. The medal is associated with an event of crucial historical importance, the glorious victory of the united Christian forces against the Ottoman fleet near Nafpaktos (7 October 1571).
A medal belonging to the series of eminent British (British Worthies) made by the Swiss engraver Jean Dassier around 1733. Sir Isaac Newton is considered one of the greatest scientists of all time. The exergue on the reverse of the medal states that he was born in 1642 and that he died in 1726. Newton was born on 25 December 1642 in the Julian calendar (Old Style), i.e. 4 January 1643 in the Gregorian.
